Graphene and Titanium Applications in Silazane Enhance The Thermal Conductivity And Heat Dissipation of Polysilazane Resins

What are high thermal conductivity heat dissipation materials? First, we need to understand that the thermal conductivity of polymers mainly depends on phonons. However, due to the large number of amorphous structures in polymers, the phonon propagation efficiency is greatly reduced, thus significantly decreasing the thermal conductivity of the polymer. Filling polymers with high thermal conductivity fillers is an effective way to improve thermal conductivity. The type, content, morphology, distribution, and interface state of the filler all have a significant impact on the thermal conductivity of the system. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that constructing a three-dimensional thermally conductive network structure of graphene and modifying the graphene surface are effective ways to achieve high thermal conductivity graphene composites. Currently, high thermal conductivity graphene composites have considerable application prospects in electronic packaging materials, thermal interface materials, and phase change materials. At the same time, as electronic communication technology develops towards miniaturization and integration, higher requirements are placed on thermally conductive composite materials, and their thermal conductivity needs to be further improved. Recently, a high-temperature, high-thermal-conductivity, heat-dissipating, and corrosion-resistant composite coating, using heat-resistant polysilazane resin as the matrix adhesive, graphene as the filler, and organic titanium as the matrix, has been put into production at our company's production base.

What is polysilazane (PSZ)? How can we improve the application and development of polysilazane? First, we need to grasp the concept and product structure of polysilazane. Breaking down polysilazane, poly-silicon-nitrogen-alkane, we know that polysilazane is a class of organic-inorganic coexisting silicon, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen polymers with a repeating main chain structure of SI (silicon) and N (nitrogen). Similar to siloxanes, but with oxygen replaced by nitrogen, it possesses both the high hardness and heat resistance of silicon atoms and the weather resistance and oxidation resistance of nitrogen atoms. Organic groups (such as methyl, phenyl, vinyl, etc.) or hydrogen atoms are usually attached to the silicon atoms, forming an organic-inorganic coexisting polymer. Its basic structural unit can be represented as `[-SiR1R2-NR3-]n`, where R1, R2, and R3 can be H or organic groups. The cross-linked and cured polysilazane, through its pyrolysis, produces ceramic coatings and derivatives with extremely high high-temperature resistance (≥1500℃). This combines the excellent processability of organic polymers with the superior high-temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, weather resistance, chemical resistance, flame retardancy, and thermal conductivity of inorganic ceramics. Graphene, with a thermal conductivity as high as 5300 W/m·K, significantly exceeds that of carbon nanotubes and diamond. Small-molecule organic titanium not only possesses high thermal conductivity and high flexibility, but its corrosion resistance is far superior to stainless steel, exhibiting particularly strong resistance to pitting corrosion, acid corrosion, and stress corrosion, allowing for long-term operation from -253℃ to 500℃. The pioneering application of graphene and organic titanium in polysilazane resin formulations comprehensively improves the structural strength, thermal conductivity, heat dissipation, and high/low temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of modified polysilazane products. It has broad application prospects in aerospace, new energy power, metallurgy, chemical industry, semiconductors, and other fields involving heat exchangers and engine equipment.

Graphene and its thermal conductivity: As a super material widely praised by materials engineers in recent years, often referred to as the "king of materials," graphene is prized not only for its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and optical characteristics, but also for its superior thermal management capabilities, making it suitable for high-performance heat dissipation materials and thermal interface materials. Graphene, a two-dimensional material composed of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice, possesses a hexagonal grid structure that allows for rapid and uniform heat transfer within its structure. The close arrangement of carbon atoms ensures highly efficient heat transfer, giving graphene exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity. It is currently the thinnest, strongest, and most electrically and thermally conductive novel nanomaterial known. Graphene possesses a thermal conductivity ranging from 3000 to 5300 W/(m·K) at room temperature. Pure, defect-free monolayer graphene boasts a thermal conductivity as high as 5300 W/mK, making it the carbon material with the highest thermal conductivity to date. Furthermore, phonons propagate over long distances with virtually no scattering within it, exhibiting extremely high in-plane/axial thermal conductivity. Graphene thermal radiation coatings, during application, can form highly stable films. These coatings can be used continuously in high-temperature environments above 300°C without exhibiting adverse phenomena such as peeling, yellowing, or cracking. By incorporating graphene into the coating, not only is the infrared thermal radiation efficiency of the coating film significantly improved, but the heat dissipation performance of the coated components is also further optimized. In addition, this coating can significantly enhance the key properties of components, such as corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance.

Organotitanium and its applications: Organotitanium refers to organometallic compounds containing titanium-carbon (Ti-C) bonds, i.e., compounds in which titanium atoms are directly bonded to organic groups (such as alkyl, aryl, and olefinic groups). It is an important research area in organometallic chemistry, with wide applications in catalysis, materials science, and organic synthesis. The main classifications include alkyl/aryl titanium compounds, which are similar in characteristics to polysilazanes and are generally sensitive to air and moisture, requiring handling in an inert atmosphere. Also included are cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes of titanium, and olefin or alkyne complexes of titanium, often used in catalytic polymerization reactions. Titanium alkoxides (Ti-OR), such as tetraisopropyl titanate (Ti(OⁱPr)₄), are often used to prepare organotitanium compounds. They exhibit high reactivity; most organotitanium compounds, similar to polysilazanes, readily react with oxygen and water. Titanium can form a diverse range of compounds with 4-8 coordination groups, with the common oxidation state being +4. Their catalytic activity can be used for olefin polymerization. Commonly used in polymerization catalysis, organic synthesis, and materials chemistry, it is used to prepare titanium-based thin films (such as titanium precursors in MOCVD processes) and to synthesize titanium-organic frameworks (MOFs) or functional materials.

The Silfluo "Organic Chemistry Silazane Laboratory" R&D team, using polysilazane resin as a matrix binder, fully integrates the organic-inorganic coexistence and high-temperature resistance, corrosion and rust prevention, wear resistance, weather resistance, oxidation resistance, flame retardancy, thermal conductivity, and heat dissipation properties of polysilazane. They introduce graphene, the "king of materials" with high thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength, as a filler, and highly reactive small-molecule organic titanium fillers as polymerization catalysts to prepare titanium-based silicon-based high-temperature resistant, thermally conductive, and corrosion-resistant functional coatings. This has led to the development of industrial coatings for titanium-based graphene alloy heat exchangers and titanium-based graphene industrial functional coatings for high and low temperature resistant heavy-duty corrosion protection. The industrial coating for titanium-based graphene alloy heat exchangers boasts a thermal conductivity as high as 248 W/(m·K) and a fouling coefficient of only 0.008 m^2 .k/kW. ZG-605 exhibits high and low temperature resistance ranging from -70℃ to 500℃. This series of products significantly improves and enhances the thermal conductivity, heat dissipation, and corrosion resistance of the coating. Polysilazane thermally conductive and heat-dissipating functional coatings, a new type of high-efficiency, energy-saving, high-temperature resistant, and corrosion-resistant coating material, are a special series of coatings developed by the Silfluo team specifically for industrial heat exchangers. They are suitable for energy-saving, non-scaling, and corrosion-resistant coatings for most industrial heat exchangers, as well as protective coatings for the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation systems of various tubular, floating head, and plate heat exchangers in household appliances, LED energy-saving lamps, automotive and marine engines, and industries such as metallurgy, chemical engineering, energy, and pharmaceuticals.